human recombinant dkk1  (R&D Systems)

Journal: Cancer Medicine

Article Title: Dickkopf 1 is expressed in normal fibroblasts during early stages of colorectal tumorigenesis

doi: 10.1002/cam4.6992

Figure Lengend Snippet: Identified 18 overexpressed genes.

Article Snippet: To analyze the function of DKK1 in colon cancer cell lines, HCT116 cells at a density of 4.0 × 10 3 cells per well were seeded in 96‐well plates and cultured in the medium supplemented with 200 ng/mL recombinant human DKK1 protein (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA).

Techniques:

Journal: Cancer Medicine

Article Title: Dickkopf 1 is expressed in normal fibroblasts during early stages of colorectal tumorigenesis

doi: 10.1002/cam4.6992

Figure Lengend Snippet: Patient background of clinical specimens immunostained for DKK1.

Article Snippet: To analyze the function of DKK1 in colon cancer cell lines, HCT116 cells at a density of 4.0 × 10 3 cells per well were seeded in 96‐well plates and cultured in the medium supplemented with 200 ng/mL recombinant human DKK1 protein (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA).

Techniques:

Journal: Cancer Medicine

Article Title: Dickkopf 1 is expressed in normal fibroblasts during early stages of colorectal tumorigenesis

doi: 10.1002/cam4.6992

Figure Lengend Snippet: Immunohistochemical staining of DKK1 in clinical specimens. (A) Representative images of DKK1 in human liver tissue, DKK2 in human hepatocarcinoma tissue, SFRP1 in human heart muscle tissue in positive control (scale bar, 1000 μm), normal epithelium (scale bar, 50 μm), nonadvanced adenoma (scale bar, 200 μm), advanced adenoma (scale bar, 500 μm), and advanced cancer (scale bar, 500 μm). (B) Comparison of specimens with immunohistochemical staining for αSMA and DKK1 in (a) nonadvanced adenoma and (b) advanced cancer. Scale bars: 100 μm. DKK1 , Dickkopf‐1; αSMA , α‐smooth muscle actin.

Article Snippet: To analyze the function of DKK1 in colon cancer cell lines, HCT116 cells at a density of 4.0 × 10 3 cells per well were seeded in 96‐well plates and cultured in the medium supplemented with 200 ng/mL recombinant human DKK1 protein (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA).

Techniques: Immunohistochemical staining, Staining, Positive Control, Comparison

Journal: Cancer Medicine

Article Title: Dickkopf 1 is expressed in normal fibroblasts during early stages of colorectal tumorigenesis

doi: 10.1002/cam4.6992

Figure Lengend Snippet: Histological expression of DKK1 in resection specimens.

Article Snippet: To analyze the function of DKK1 in colon cancer cell lines, HCT116 cells at a density of 4.0 × 10 3 cells per well were seeded in 96‐well plates and cultured in the medium supplemented with 200 ng/mL recombinant human DKK1 protein (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA).

Techniques: Expressing

Journal: Cancer Medicine

Article Title: Dickkopf 1 is expressed in normal fibroblasts during early stages of colorectal tumorigenesis

doi: 10.1002/cam4.6992

Figure Lengend Snippet: Functional evaluation of DKK1 using human colon cancer cell line HCT116. (A) OD values obtained using the MTS assay after 24, 48, and 72 h of incubation of HCT116 cells with recombinant human DKK1 protein. n = 6. (B) Cell invasion assay after incubation of HCT116 cells with recombinant human DKK1 protein. n = 6. (C) Relative expression of DKK1 after siRNA transfection using Lipofectamine 3000. (D) MTS assay in HCT116 cells at 24, 48, and 72 h after siRNA transfection. n = 4. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001. Rec DKK1 = recombinant human DKK1 protein.

Article Snippet: To analyze the function of DKK1 in colon cancer cell lines, HCT116 cells at a density of 4.0 × 10 3 cells per well were seeded in 96‐well plates and cultured in the medium supplemented with 200 ng/mL recombinant human DKK1 protein (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA).

Techniques: Functional Assay, MTS Assay, Incubation, Recombinant, Invasion Assay, Expressing, Transfection

Journal: Cancer Medicine

Article Title: Dickkopf 1 is expressed in normal fibroblasts during early stages of colorectal tumorigenesis

doi: 10.1002/cam4.6992

Figure Lengend Snippet: Serum DKK1 expression analysis. (A, B) ELISA of supernatant during co‐culture at Days 5–7; n = 2. Left: NFs monoculture, right: NFs co‐cultured with organoid (A) Using adenoma organoid. (B) Using cancer organoid. (C–F) Serum DKK1 expression in patients with colorectal tumors. (C) Comparison of serum DKK1 in samples obtained from patients with advanced cancer ( n = 32) and control ( n = 17). (D) ROC curve for (C), AUC = 0.78. (E) Comparison of serum DKK1 in paired serum samples from patients with advanced adenoma before and after treatment ( n = 17). (F) ROC curve for (E), AUC = 0.64. In (C) and (D), * p < 0.05; *** p < 0.001. AUC, area under the curve; DKK1 , Dickkopf‐1; post, post‐treatment; pre, pre‐treatment; ROC, receiver operating characteristic.

Article Snippet: To analyze the function of DKK1 in colon cancer cell lines, HCT116 cells at a density of 4.0 × 10 3 cells per well were seeded in 96‐well plates and cultured in the medium supplemented with 200 ng/mL recombinant human DKK1 protein (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA).

Techniques: Expressing, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Co-Culture Assay, Cell Culture, Comparison, Control

Journal: Oncology Letters

Article Title: Role of prognostic gene DKK1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma

doi: 10.3892/ol.2023.14184

Figure Lengend Snippet: Expression of DKK1 in various tumor types. Expression levels of DKK1 in (A) The Cancer Genome Atlas, (B) GSE3524 and (C) GSE37991 oral squamous cell carcinoma datasets. (D) Expression level of DKK1 in 33 cancer types. *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001. DKK1, Dickkopf Wnt signaling pathway inhibitor 1; TPM, transcripts per million; ns, not significant; ACC, adrenocortical carcinoma; BLCA, bladder urothelial carcinoma; BRCA, breast invasive carcinoma; CESC, cervical squamous cell carcinoma and endocervical adenocarcinoma; CHOL, cholangiocarcinoma; COAD, colon adenocarcinoma; DLBC, lymphoid neoplasm diffuse large B-cell lymphoma; ESCA, esophageal carcinoma; GBM, glioblastoma multiforme; HNSC, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma; KICH, kidney chromophobe; KIRC, kidney renal clear cell carcinoma; KIRP, kidney renal papillary cell carcinoma; LAML, acute myeloid leukemia; LGG, brain lower grade glioma; LIHC, liver hepatocellular carcinoma; LUAD, lung adenocarcinoma; LUSC, lung squamous cell carcinoma; MESO, mesothelioma; OV, ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma; PAAD, pancreatic adenocarcinoma; PCPG, pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma; PRAD, prostate adenocarcinoma; READ, rectum adenocarcinoma; SARC, sarcoma; SKCM, skin cutaneous melanoma; STAD, stomach adenocarcinoma; TGCT, testicular germ cell tumors; THCA, thyroid carcinoma; THYM, thymoma; UCEC, uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma; UCS, uterine carcinosarcoma; UVM, uveal melanoma.

Article Snippet: Secreted DKK1 in the culture supernatant was detected using a Human DKK1 ELISA Kit (cat. no. EK0867; Wuhan Boster Biological Technology, Ltd.) following the manufacturer's instructions.

Techniques: Expressing

Journal: Oncology Letters

Article Title: Role of prognostic gene DKK1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma

doi: 10.3892/ol.2023.14184

Figure Lengend Snippet: Univariate survival analysis of the association between DKK1 expression and survival time in 12 tumor types. (A) Forest plot showing the relationship between DKK1 expression and OS. KM curves of high and low DKK1 expression in (B) ESCA, (C) HNSC and (D) STAD reveal a significant association with OS. (E) Forest plot showing the relationship between DKK1 expression and DSS. KM curves of high and low DKK1 expression in (F) HNSC and (G) STAD show a significant association with DSS. DKK1, Dickkopf Wnt signaling pathway inhibitor 1; OS, overall survival; DSS, disease-specific survival; KM, Kaplan-Meier; BLCA, bladder urothelial carcinoma; CHOL, cholangiocarcinoma; COAD, colon adenocarcinoma; ESCA, esophageal carcinoma; HNSC, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma; KICH, kidney chromophobe; KIRP, kidney renal papillary cell carcinoma; LIHC, liver hepatocellular carcinoma; LUSC, lung squamous cell carcinoma; PRAD, prostate adenocarcinoma; STAD, stomach adenocarcinoma; THCA, thyroid carcinoma; HR, hazard ratio.

Article Snippet: Secreted DKK1 in the culture supernatant was detected using a Human DKK1 ELISA Kit (cat. no. EK0867; Wuhan Boster Biological Technology, Ltd.) following the manufacturer's instructions.

Techniques: Expressing

Journal: Oncology Letters

Article Title: Role of prognostic gene DKK1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma

doi: 10.3892/ol.2023.14184

Figure Lengend Snippet: Correlation analysis of DKK1 and immune cell infiltration. (A) Correlation of DKK1 with the infiltration of a panel of immune cells. Negative correlation of DKK1 expression with the level of infiltration of (B) T cells, (C) Treg cells, (D) pDC cells, (E) Th17 cells, (F) TFH cells, (G) cytotoxic cells and (H) B cells. Positive correlation of DKK1 expression with the level of infiltration of (I) Th2 cells and (J) Tgd cells. DKK1, Dickkopf Wnt signaling pathway inhibitor 1; DC, dendritic cell; aDC, activated DC; iDC, inflammatory DC; pDC, plasmacytoid DC; NK, natural killer; Tcm, T central memory; Tem, T effector memory; TFH, T follicular helper; Tgd, γδT; Th, T helper; TReg, regulatory T; TPM, transcripts per million.

Article Snippet: Secreted DKK1 in the culture supernatant was detected using a Human DKK1 ELISA Kit (cat. no. EK0867; Wuhan Boster Biological Technology, Ltd.) following the manufacturer's instructions.

Techniques: Expressing

Journal: Oncology Letters

Article Title: Role of prognostic gene DKK1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma

doi: 10.3892/ol.2023.14184

Figure Lengend Snippet: Correlation between DKK1 and genes associated with immune checkpoints in oral squamous cell carcinoma. DKK1 expression was positively correlated with the expression levels of (A) CD40, (B) CD44, (C) VTCN1, (D) NRP1, (E) PDCD1LG2, (F) CD276, (G) CD80 and (H) CD86 and negatively correlated with expression levels of (I) TNFRSR18, (J) CD27, (K) TIGIT, (L) IDO2, (M) CD48, (N) CD244 and (O) CD40LG. DKK1, Dickkopf Wnt signaling pathway inhibitor 1; VTCN1, v-set domain containing T cell activation inhibitor 1; NRP1, neuropilin 1; PDCD1LG2, programmed cell death 1 ligand 2; TNFRSR18, TNF receptor superfamily member 18; TIGIT, T cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains; IDO2, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 2; CD40LG, CD40 ligand; TPM, transcripts per million.

Article Snippet: Secreted DKK1 in the culture supernatant was detected using a Human DKK1 ELISA Kit (cat. no. EK0867; Wuhan Boster Biological Technology, Ltd.) following the manufacturer's instructions.

Techniques: Expressing, Activation Assay

Journal: Oncology Letters

Article Title: Role of prognostic gene DKK1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma

doi: 10.3892/ol.2023.14184

Figure Lengend Snippet: Correlation of DKK1 expression with that of five DNA mismatch repair genes in oral squamous cell carcinoma. *P<0.05; **P<0.01; ***P<0.001. DKK1, Dickkopf Wnt signaling pathway inhibitor 1; MLH1, MutL homolog 1; MSH2/6, MutS homolog 2/6; PMS2, PMS1 homolog 2; EPCAM, epithelial cell adhesion molecule.

Article Snippet: Secreted DKK1 in the culture supernatant was detected using a Human DKK1 ELISA Kit (cat. no. EK0867; Wuhan Boster Biological Technology, Ltd.) following the manufacturer's instructions.

Techniques: Expressing

Journal: Oncology Letters

Article Title: Role of prognostic gene DKK1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma

doi: 10.3892/ol.2023.14184

Figure Lengend Snippet: Knockdown of DKK1 inhibits cell proliferation, colony formation, migration and invasion in oral squamous cell carcinoma cells. Bright-field and GFP fluorescence images of (A) SCC-9 cells and (B) CAL-27 cells with Lv-shCon and Lv-shDKK1 infection. Scale Bar=50 µm. (C) DKK1 mRNA expression and (D) DKK1 secretion by SCC-9 cells and CAL-27 cells infected with Lv-shCon and Lv-shDKK1. Cell proliferation rate of (E) SCC-9 and (F) CAL-27 cells. (G) Colony formation of SCC-9 cells and CAL-27 cells. (H) Representative wound healing images of SCC-9 cells and (I) quantification of the wound healing assay. (J) Representative wound healing images of CAL-27 cells and (K) quantification of the wound healing assay, magnification: 40×. Representative images of the Transwell invasion assay for (L) SCC-9 and (M) CAL-27 cells, magnification: 100×. (N) Cell counts of invaded SCC-9 and CAL-27 cells. (O) Western blot analysis of Wnt-3a, β-catenin and DKK1 expression in SCC-9 and CAL-27 cells infected with Lv-shCon and Lv-shDKK1. *P<0.05 **P<0.01 and ***P<0.001 for shDKK1 vs. shCon. DKK1, Dickkopf Wnt signaling pathway inhibitor 1; GFP, green fluorescent protein; Lv, lentivirus; shCon, shRNA control; shDKK1, shRNA targeting DKK1; shRNA, short hairpin RNA.

Article Snippet: Secreted DKK1 in the culture supernatant was detected using a Human DKK1 ELISA Kit (cat. no. EK0867; Wuhan Boster Biological Technology, Ltd.) following the manufacturer's instructions.

Techniques: Knockdown, Migration, Fluorescence, Infection, Expressing, Wound Healing Assay, Transwell Invasion Assay, Western Blot, shRNA, Control